Identifying Key Sustainability Factors in Co-Working Space Design: A Best Worst Method Perspective

Abstract

This study investigates and prioritizes the key determinants of sustainable co-working space (CWS) design using the Best Worst Method (BWM). It responds to the growing demand for flexible, health-conscious, and environmentally responsible workplaces. Based on an in-depth literature review and expert consultation, nine sustainability-related criteria were identified. A panel of five experts with backgrounds in sustainable architecture, urban planning, environmental engineering, and workplace design assessed the relative importance of these criteria. The results show that Indoor Air Quality and Low Volatile Organic Compound Materials, Daylight and Lighting Quality, and Thermal Comfort and User Control are the most influential factors. This highlights the importance of occupant well-being, comfort, and usability in sustainable co-working environments. In contrast, Water Efficiency and Reuse, Material Circularity and Waste Management, and Biophilic and Restorative Design were assigned lower priority. Overall, the findings indicate that user-oriented and comfort-driven design considerations outweigh purely technical or aesthetic elements in achieving sustainability. The proposed decision framework offers practical guidance for architects, planners, and policymakers seeking to design resilient, inclusive, and environmentally responsible CWSs aligned with sustainable development goals.